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Thursday, 18 January 2018

How To Convert Mechanical Energy To Electrical Energy!??

January 18, 2018 Leave a Reply

How To Convert Mechanical Energy To Electrical Energy!?? 



How We Can Convert The Mechanical Energy Into Electrical Energy By Using The Electrical Gemerator And Description About The Generator principle





An Electrical generator is a machine which coverts mechanical energy(for power)  into electrical energy (or power).

The Energy Conversion is based on the principle of the production of dynamically (or motionally)  induced emf.



As seen .


Whenever a conductor cuts Magnetic Flux,  dynamically induce e.m.f. is produce in it according to faraday's laws of Electromagnetic Induction.

This e.m.f. causes a current to flow if the conductor circuit is closed.

Hence two basic essential parts of an electrical generator are

  1.  a magnetic field and
  2. a conductor or conductors which can so move as to cut the flux.


Here How We Generate Electricity In The
Coal Based Thermal Power Station
Hydro Power Station
Nuclear Power Station

Simple loop DC Generator

Construction



In show in figer a single turn ractangular copper coil ABCD rotating about its own axis in a magnetic field provided by either Permanent Magnet is or electromagnet.


  • The two enda of the coil are joined to two slip rings.  'a'and 'b' Which are insulated from each other and from the Central Shaft.
  • Two collecting brushes (of carbon or copper)  press against the slip-rings. Their function is to collect the current induced in tge coil and to convey it to the External Load resistance R.


The rotating coil may be called 'Armature ' and the magnets as a 'Field Magnets'.
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Applications of Separately Excited DC Generators

This type of DC Generators are generally more expensive than self-excited DC Generators because of their requirement of separate excitation source. 

Because of that their applications are restricted. 

  • They are generally used where the use of self-excited generators are unsatisfactory.Because of their ability of giving wide range of voltage output, they are generally used for testing purpose in the laboratories.


Separately excited generators operate in a stable condition with any variation in field excitation. Because of this property they are used as supply source of DC Motors, whose speeds are to be controlled for various applications.

Example- Ward Leonard Systems of speed control.


 Applications of Shunt Wound DC Generators


The application of shunt generators is very much restricted for its dropping voltage characteristic.


They are used to supply power to the apparatus situated very close to its position.

These type of DC Generators generally give constant terminal voltage for small distance operation with the help of field regulators from no load to full load.

  • They are used for general lighting.
  • They are used to charge battery because they can be made to give constant output voltage.

They are used for giving the excitation to the alternators.

They are also used for small power supply.


 Applications of Series Wound DC Generators
These types of generators are restricted for the use of power supply because of their increasing terminal Voltage characteristic with the increase in load current from no load to full load.

We can clearly see this characteristic from the characteristic curve of series wound generator. 

  • They give constant current in the Dropping Portion of the characteristic curve. For this property they can be used as constant current source and employed for various applications.
  • They are used for supplying field excitation current in DC Locomotives for regenerative breaking.

This types of generators are used as boosters to compensate the voltage drop in the feeder in various types of distribution systems such as railway service.

In series arc lightening this type of generators are mainly used.
Applications of Compound Wound DC Generators
Among various types of DC generators, the compound wound DC generators are most widely used because of its compensating property. 


Depending upon number of series field turns, the Cumulatively Compounded generators may be over compounded, flat compounded and under compounded. 


We can get desired terminal voltage by compensating the drop due to armature reaction and ohmic drop in the in the line. Such generators have various applications.
  • Cumulative compound wound generators are generally used for lighting, power supply purpose and for heavy power services because of their constant voltage property. They are mainly made over compounded.
  • Cumulative compound wound generators are also used for driving a motor.


For small distance operation, such as power supply for hotels, offices, homes and lodges, the flat compounded generators are generally used.
The differential compound wound generators, because of their large demagnetization armature reaction, are used for arc welding where huge voltage drop and constant current is required.


At present time the applications of DC generators become very limited because of technical and economic reasons.


Now a days the electric power is mainly generated in the form of alternating current with the help of various power electronics devices.


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